Winter tyres: pros, cons, costs, laws and should you buy them for your car?
Tyres specially designed for cold weather add grip and safety in harsh driving conditions. Read on to find out if you should buy winter tyres
Europeans living in regions with harsher climates than the UK are well-used to swapping their summer tyres for winter rubber on an annual basis. UK motorists used to milder winters are a bit more sceptical, but tests consistently prove you don’t need to live halfway up a snowy Alp to enjoy safer driving on a set of winter tyres designed for the cold weather.
So should you consider a set of winter tyres for your car? In spite of the extra cost and hassles of swapping and storing different sets of summer and winter tyres, we’d certainly recommend it if your budget allows. The trick is to think of winter tyres not as a precaution against snow and ice but a way of keeping your car and its occupants safer in low temperatures just above and below freezing.
What’s different about winter tyres?
The facts are simple. Your summer or standard-fit tyres are designed with rubber compounds that provide their best grip in mild weather, and they have tread patterns that don’t need to cope with packed snow or ice. Winter tyres are made of different rubber compounds that are proven to provide better wet- or dry-weather grip at temperatures below 7-degrees Celsius. Even in the UK, average winter temperatures are not much more than 4-degrees Celsius, so that’s clearly relevant here.
Winter tyres also have tread specially designed to help prevent ice or packed snow building-up around the tyre when conditions are more severe. Narrow grooves in the tyres help prevent the snow building up and clogging the tread channels.
If you have ever had the pleasure of constructing a snowman, you will know the speed with which snow accumulates when it is compacted and this is the main reason that conventional tyres are less effective in snowy conditions. Indeed, it's fair to say that winter tyres are often more effective than four-wheel drive when the tarmac is blanketed with the white stuff.
Even though winter tyres are an incredibly useful addition to your car, it is worth notifying your insurer when you have fitted them. The reason being that, somewhat ridiculously, there are insurance companies out there who class winter tyres as an aftermarket modification, despite the fact they offer safety benefits in those cold, dark winter months.
Are winter tyres worth it?
If you're buying a new car, then you might want to weigh up the benefits of winter tyres compared to paying extra for four-wheel drive. The latter will command a premium of around £1,500 on models that have it as an option, but you could get a set of decent winter tyres for a third of that.
However, if there's no grip, then a four-wheel-drive car won't get much further than a 2WD car on the same tyres. And under braking, the benefits of 4WD are virtually non-existent.
According to leading tyre maker Continental, a car fitted with winter tyres braking on snow can come to a stop from 31mph in 35 metres, which is eight metres, or about two car lengths shorter than if it was fitted with summer tyres.
TrustpilotThe difference is even more pronounced on ice. At a slow 18mph, a car with conventional tyres takes an extra 11 metres to stop, which is the length of a double-decker bus.
How much do winter tyres cost?
If you live further north or at higher altitude where temperatures are regularly in single figures, or even if you know that you'll be driving for many miles over the winter, it's worth considering a set of winter tyres. They don’t come cheap, however.
If you own a compact hatchback, then a set of four winter tyres will probably cost in the region of £500, although as always it pays to shop around as prices can vary a lot. That's a lot less than 4WD, but still quite an outlay. You also need to consider whether it's worth paying for a set of wheels to fit them on.
This might be expensive, but then if you're switching every year, it may work out less expensive to get a set of cheaper steel rims to fit your winter tyres to than going to your local tyre fitter every time you want to swap over. There's no point in trying to fit them yourself, as you need dedicated machinery to mount and balance the tyres on the wheels. Regardless of whether they’re on rims, you’ll need somewhere to store the set of tyres that you’re not using.
Despite all these hurdles, we’d strongly recommend investing in a set of winter tyres if you can afford them because they make driving in cold weather considerably safer.
Winter tyres and wheels
If you've bought a set of winter tyres, then the simplest course of action is to replace your conventional tyres on your car's wheels. This is best done at a tyre fitter, so that they can fit and balance your rubber properly. However, that does mean you'll be back at your tyre fitter in the spring to put your conventional tyres back on.
Another alternative is to buy a set of wheels to go with your new winter tyres. You could get a matching set of alloys, but a cheaper alternative is to either get a smaller wheel design, or even basic steel wheels, if they're available. Cars get pretty filthy over winter anyway, so a set of steels won't spoil your car's aesthetics much and you can keep your good wheels for when things warm up.
If your car has a full-size spare wheel, which is increasingly rare these days, it's worth considering fitting that with a winter tyre as a matter of course. There's a greater risk of punctures in winter due to potholes, while a winter tyre is OK to drive for a short period in warm weather, as long as you replace the punctured tyre as soon as possible.
Currently there's no such thing as a winter-spec space-saver spare wheel, but regular space-savers feature treads that are designed to work in a range of conditions, usually at speeds up to 50mph. If your car has run-flat tyres, you can get winter run-flats that remain useable even after a puncture.
Winter tyre storage and 'tyre hotels'
One obstacle to fitting winter tyres is having somewhere to store your other set of tyres when they're not in use. If you haven't got a garage or shed to store them in, it can be a real inconvenience, and that's where the tyre hotel comes in.
This service is available at some main dealers or high street tyre retailers, and means you can keep your tyres safe for an annual fee. However, some companies will only store your tyres, not the wheels that they’re fitted to.
If you have storage facilities, then the tyres need to be kept in a cool, dark and reasonably well-ventilated place so that they stay in good condition. Continental suggests that fitted tyres should be inflated to 1 bar (about 14psi) and be hung from the wheel spokes, although we'd advise caution, as not all wheels are designed to be stored like this.
If your only option is to stack your tyres, then they should be restacked every month to maintain their shape. And if your tyres aren’t fitted to a wheel, then stand them in a tyre rack and rotate them every month.
Can I use winter tyres in the summer or all year round?
It's not recommended. Winter tyres are designed to work at temperatures below seven degrees Centigrade, and they aren't as effective once above that. Thanks to the type of rubber used and the tread pattern design, the rubber will move around significantly when it's warm.
Not only does this give your car a vague, woolly feeling, it also means stopping distances will be marginally longer. In addition, the soft rubber compound used in winter tyres will wear out faster in warm weather than a standard tyre.
All-season tyres are a compromise between normal summer tyres and winter tyres. The optimum operating temperature varies but all season tyres can perform well from -10 all the way up to 30 degrees Celsius. As you’d imagine, they’re neither as good as winter tyres in the cold nor as good as summer tyres in warm, dry conditions but the mix of compound and tread technologies they offer are a compromise that improves safety when conditions become more slippery.
Winter tyres vs summer tyres vs snow chains vs 4x4
The benefits of winter tyres over summer tyres in cold weather are clear, and in some cases they are a better alternative to the other options available.
Four-wheel drive is arguably the best option for buyers wanting to get through winter. It's an expensive choice, both in initial outlay and with higher running costs when compared to a 2WD car. But there are plenty of options out there, both in terms of four-wheel drive variants of standard cars and SUVs and crossovers, to choose from.
You get more grip with four-wheel drive, and most 4WD cars feature either clever electronics or mechanical differentials that send power to the wheels with the most grip. In most conditions 4WD will find more grip, but in heavy snow and ice, if your tyres can’t grip the road, you’ll find it hard to move no matter how many wheels are driven. Of course, fitting winter tyres to a four-wheel-drive car is the ultimate winter set-up.
Snow chains are compulsory in some parts of northern Europe and mountainous areas further south, where there’s a high risk of heavily compacted snow and ice. Snow chains are extremely fiddly to fit, so there's not much point in having them in the UK unless you live in a region that has regular winter snow cover and is never cleared by snow ploughs. As soon as there's any sign of tarmac, snow chains need to be removed, making them more trouble than they're worth.
Snow socks are a cheaper alternative to chains. They're made of textile and cover the tyres with an additional grippy surface that's increases grip. Like chains, they need to be removed as soon as the snow clears, or they'll wear through quickly on tarmac.
Another option for European drivers is snow studs. These tyres feature metal spikes to gain grip on ice and snow, but they are illegal for use in the UK because of the damage that they can do to bare tarmac.
Where can I buy winter tyres?
Most tyre stockists in the UK will offer winter tyres. They're not as common with high-street retailers such as Kwik-Fit or National Tyres, but online specialists such as Black Circles and eTyres will have a wide range in stock.
None of these retailers will be able to supply you with a set of wheels to fit the tyres on. Your best bet there is a main dealer, or you could pick up a second-hand set of wheels from eBay. Just be aware of the wheel size that is suitable for your car - if you go for a smaller wheel size, then be sure the tyres you're buying maintain the same overall diameter, and that the wheels themselves have enough clearance for the brakes and steering.
When should I buy winter tyres?
Winter tyres are available to buy all year round, although you will invariably see a spike in demand as the temperature drops in the autumn and winter. Savvy buyers will be able to pick up a bargain in the spring when demand for winter tyres drops and stockists will be wanting to shift old stock.
If the winter is particularly bad, then demand is sure to outstrip supply, so you may struggle to find a set for your car. If you’re planning to buy a set of winter tyres, it’s worth doing it sometime in the autumn, before the weather takes a turn for the worse.
Driving this winter? Check out these helpful tips:
- Winter tyres test
- Winter driving tips
- Winter car checklist & best buys
- Fact or fiction? 10 winter driving myths busted
- Best SUVs and 4x4s to buy now
- Best small 4x4s to buy now
- The world’s coldest roads
- How to jump-start your car
Had any incidents while driving in the winter? Let us know in the comments below!
